![]() ![]() It is the morpheme that comprises the most important part of the word. In linguistics, the words "roots" is the core of the word. The first quote is written with plainer and simpler diction and so ought to be read before the second with more formal diction.īases, stems, and roots are the main components of words, just like cells, atoms, and protons are the main components of matter. I thought to quote from two websites that aided me, but to facilitate reading, I edit slightly and eschew blockquotes (>). More details are available here and here. ![]() cap- is the root for 'start', with infinitive stem capi-, perfect stem cēp-, and participial stem capt.aug- is the root for 'help', with infinitive stem augē-, perfect stem aux-, and participial stem auct.vid- is the root for 'see', with infinitive stem vidē-, perfect stem vīd-, and participial stem vīs.am- is the root for 'love', with infinitive stem amã-, perfect stem amãv-, and participial stem amãt.I.e, the metaphor is that the root is the base, and there are several stems growing out of it, all covered with fully inflected leaves formed by adding suffixes. But each stem is formed from a basic root, for each verb. The case, gender, tense, person, number, mood, and/or voice suffixes are added to the appropriate stem. Latin verbs typically have at least two, and frequently three, different stems: the infinitive stem, which forms the nonperfect tenses and some non-finite forms, and the perfect stem, which forms the perfect tenses and other non-finite forms. Since there are very few affixes in English, it really doesn't matter. The distinction is only useful in a highly inflected language like Latin in English both words are used in the same way - to indicate what one adds an affix to. Metaphors are rarely exact, so there's no reason to expect the difference between root and stem to be consistent for all languages. Both terms refer to plants, but words are not plants.
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